Causes of cryptorchidism in children, its symptoms and treatment

In medicine cryptorchidism considered a congenital abnormality. This pathology manifests itself as an absence of both testicles, or one gland in the scrotum of a newborn boy. More cryptorchidism in children and men, causes, symptoms, how to carried out diagnostics and treatment will be discussed below.

What kind of attack and why it occurs

During fetal development already on the eighth to ninth month of pregnancy is the remission of the testes from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum. This mechanism inherent nature, as for normal development and functioning of the testicles in men need a temperature two or three degrees below body temperature.

But sometimes, for certain reasons, one or both of the sexual glands remain in the abdominal cavity and do not descend into the scrotum. Why is there this pathology is not known to anyone, but in medical practice, the diagnosis of the disease, revealed several factors contributing to the development of this disease:

• Endocrine cause. It includes hormonal imbalance in a pregnant woman or child. Most often diseases such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction or disorders in the pituitary be the cause of bilateral cryptorchidism;
• Long-term treatment of the pregnant woman of certain medications;
• Mechanical reason – the disease can be caused by certain abnormalities in the anatomy of the inguinal canal;
• Cause of cryptorchidism may be a shortening of the blood vessels of the testis and of the spermatic cord, intra-abdominal adhesions, and more;
• Gene mutations and foetal malformations attributed to genetic reasons;
• Additionally, this anomaly is most often seen in preterm deliveries and in 100% of cases of infants with 4 degree of prematurity;

Classification of the disease

Cryptorchidism differencesbut on the false and the true. In addition, diagnosis identifies pathology such as ectopia of the testicle. It's about the omission of the testicles — the testis goes out of their inguinal canal, and is located in any other place (pubic, thigh, groin or crotch), but not in the scrotum. In medical practice there are also cases of occurrence of this pathology as a false cryptorchidism.

True cryptorchidism

Special distinction of the true cryptorchidism is that the testicles cannot move into the scrotum by hand. When popestii one testicle is the place to be unilateral cryptorchidism, the varieties of which are right-sided cryptorchidism left-sided cryptorchidism and.

Popushina one of the testes has little effect on male fertility, but other dangerous complications in the form of infringement of or twisting of the testicle. In addition, the riskthe occurrence of testicular cancer in men with cryptorchidism in anamnesis significantly higher than that of men without this anomaly. The reason is that adverse conditions and high temperatures contribute to the development of mutations in cells and the result is cancer. Most often, along with this disease is diagnosed and inguinal hernia.

Bilateral cryptorchidism in children is fraught with infertility. And the longer are the testes outside the scrotum, the greater the risk. Hence the importance of early diagnosis and therapeutic measures. High body temperature interferes with the normal functioning of the gland and the formation of sperm cells. Additionally, the testicles suffer from ischemia and malnutrition. This leads to degeneration of the glands and as a consequence a reduction or absence of normal levels of male hormones.

Treatment of cryptorchidism with neohumanism both gonads mainly performed through surgical intervention. If the testicle stayed in the abdomen, it indicates the abdominal cryptorchidism, and if the delay of the testis occurred in the inguinal canal, it is inguinal cryptorchidism. Acquired cryptorchidism may be formed in men with injuries of the scrotum. Under the influence of this cause the testicles change their location and move from the scrotum up into the inguinal canal or abdominal cavity.

About neofuscelia testicle

The idea of a false cryptorchidism meant by the term anomaly, in which the male reproductive gland, descended into the scrotum, back up into the inguinal canal. Periodically found such cryptorchidism in adult men, but it does not pose a threat to health. A good specialist in the diagnosis of this pathology can return the testis into the scrotum without surgery, using only manual method.

The body in this case, normally developed, and almost no pathological changes. Some little kids pull the testicles thus, in response to cold or doctor. If at three months the baby's testicles remain in the scrotum, the omission of them is no longer threatened.

As this pathology is evident

Symptoms of cryptorchidism at the future of male-specific and the disease diagnosis is not difficult. The main and primary symptom of the disease is the absence of one or both testes in the scrotum. You may also receive and soreness in aching or pulling pain in the groin or lower abdomen. Pains are aggravated by sexual excitement or physical exertion.

Earlier diagnosis of cryptorchidism was based only on manual examination. At the present time, the diagnosis requires a more accurate examination, luckily there are many methods.

The main method at the present time is ultrasound. This methodconfirms the absence of testicles in the scrotum. To inquire about the whereabouts of male sex glands prescribed ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Diagnosis of cryptorchidism can also be conducted using extensive x-rays of the pelvis, or by MRI.

In cases of dispute, conduct a diagnostic laparoscopy. In addition, prescribed blood tests for hormone levels. Are examined for genetic diseases.

That will help in trouble?

Before reaching one year of age have future men treatment of cryptorchidism is to wait-and-see tactics. As a rule, the wanton testicles descend into the scrotum. But if the testicles do not return to the scrotum, use or hormone therapy or resort to surgical treatment. All these methods are aimed at the causes of cryptorchidism, while eliminating which there is a recovery. The earlier treatment is begun, the more favorable the prognosis.

Hormone therapy

Usually for the treatment of the anomaly location testicle use human chorionic gonadotropin. Hormone therapy is most often prescribed when the diagnosis of multiple methods revealed bilateral cryptorchidism, but only if the testes are near the scrotum and freely palpated.

But the use of hormone therapy is fraught with side effects. Can occur pigmentation of the skin, growth of pubic hair, enlargement of the scrotum and penis. Over time, after discontinuation of hormonal therapy symptoms side effects taper off.

Surgery

If hormonal therapy does not give the desired effect, the treatment is performed using a surgical intervention. The operation is performed, due to its complexity, only an experienced surgeon in one or two stages. But for a child orchiopexy are not heavy enough to be transported easily and has a low risk of complications.

A false cryptorchidism most often does not require surgical treatment or hormonal therapy. This false cryptorchidism is corrected by manual method by a physician — urologist or a surgeon. The most common symptoms of cryptorchidism disappear and re-treatment is not required.

Timely diagnosis and treatment of cryptorchidism allows to preserve fertility in the future of man. The lack of treatment in early age may cause infertility and restore reproductive function will be very difficult. The health of the child depends on the parent.